学术论文

The value-added tax (VAT) has proved to be a highly effective tool at raising revenue in developed and developing countries alike. However, the effective operation of the VAT breaks down in the presence of exemptions. Unlike zero rates, exemptions...

This paper compares two widely used methods for surveying informal enterprises: household surveys, which collect data on enterprises through household interviews, and area-based enterprise surveys, which directly target businesses in specific geog...

The rise of China in the global economy has been linked with negative impacts on employment across many high- and middle-income countries. However, evidence for African countries is limited. This paper investigates the causal relationship between ...

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are relatively rare tumors that arise from peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells. NENs are highly heterogeneous and can occur in any part of the body, with a particular prevalence in the digestive system. NEN...

This paper proposes a novel framework for analyzing the risks surrounding the public debt outlook, the “Debt-at-Risk.” It employs a quantile panel regression framework to assess how current macrofinancial and political conditions impact the entire...

This Management Implementation Plan (MIP) proposes actions in response to the Board-endorsed recommendations provided by the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO)'s report on the Evolving Application of the IMF's Mandate. The MIP addresses t...

The strong recent economic recovery has improved Greece’s near-term outlook. However, unfavorable demographics require raising the labor force participation, particularly for women, to boost medium-term growth. Using household survey, cross-countr...

Greece’s judicial system efficiency has been one of the lowest in the EU; affecting adversely the country’s economic performance. The massive increase in demand for judiciary services during the crisis period resulted from significant business and...

The productivity growth of the Greek economy has stagnated since the 2010 European Debt Crisis. Despite reforms in product market regulations; their impact on productivity has been mixed. Firm-level data shows that resource misallocation worsened ...

What instruments can governments deploy to prevent fiscal crises in decentralized fiscal systems? This analysis reveals that good public sector institutions, controls by the central government over local fiscal balances and borrowing, and interg...

We propose a novel empirical structural inflation model that captures non-linear shock transmission using a Bayesian machine learning framework that combines VARs with non-linear structural factor models. Unlike traditional linear models, our appr...

I assess the impact of the recent hike in bank lending rates on euro area retail borrowers using a novel microsimulation framework that updates household-level data of a recent representative survey with up-to-date macro-financial information. The...

This paper investigates the implications of the European Union’s revised fiscal governance framework for Italy, a country facing the dual challenge of high public debt and persistent economic stagnation. Using a Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) macroec...

This paper investigates the unintended consequences of size-dependent regulations in small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) promotion policies. We use data from all registered Thai firms to analyze the effects of introducing a revenue cap in the ...

Income in Andorra has stagnated in the last 50 years. Starting from a very high level compared to peers, it has not grown as fast, as investment and productivity have lagged behind. In this study, we analyze the dynamics of income growth in Andorr...

Andorra has the highest life expectancy and the lowest fertility rate in Europe, resulting in one of the fastest-aging populations on the continent. This study assesses the long-term fiscal implications of demographic change for Andorra’s pension ...