欧洲央行：2025年数字欧元货币的未来（英文版）

13 out of 20 euro area countries lack a national card scheme, and cross-border card payments within the euro area rely on international card schemes • Non-European solutions also dominate mobile apps and e-payments • Rise of USD stablecoins 1 Strategic autonomy dependency on non- European providers Lack of competition • European payment solutions cannot be used throughout the euro area • Reduced competition increases costs for merchants, and ultimately consumers Lack of convenience for consum