安联Allianz：2025年欧洲房地产行业碳中和转型报告：挑战、投资与政策路径（英文版）

The residential real estate sector is a major yet often underestimated contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. Decarbonizing housing is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality but presents complex challenges due to the region’s outdated building stock, high renovation costs and fragmented ownership structures. In major European economies (Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands), direct emissions from homes account from 7% (Spain) to 14% (Germany) of national totals, on p