高盛：2024年人口结构困境研究报告：老龄化社会与潜在解决方案中的社会投资机遇（英文版）

Over the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the rapid rise in global populations combined with falling fertility rates has allowed countries to benefit from the so-called ‘demographic dividend,’ where the proportion of working age populations relative to older populations is high, leading to greater potential for countries to benefit from relatively large productive labour pools. However, as populations continue to age and fertility rates continue to decline, this is now leading to declines