学术论文

This paper examines the distinct and interactive effects of state capacity (SC) and institutional quality (IN) on real GDP per capita growth across up to 130 countries over the period 1970–2022. Using a novel identification strategy that isolates ...

This SiP reviews the labor market constraints to growth and development in the Kyrgyz Republicincluding gender-specific constraints. lt is motivated by the high annual population growth rate of 2 percent,Which implies 50,000 new labor market entra...

Papua New Guinea’s public debt has increased significantly in recent years, leading to a high risk of debt distress and exposing significant gaps in the existing fiscal setting. This paper proposes to strengthen the authorities’ fiscal framework b...

The technology race for artificial intelligence has produced pathologies that are characterized by the dominance of a handful of powerful players and strong information and power asymmetries. Platform companies act as gatekeepers for digital infra...

The growing use of machine learning (ML) in academic research has led to a rising demand for large, labeled datasets. While the field initially relied on the labor of students and research assistants to label data, as models grew larger and more c...

Der Technologiewettlauf um Künstliche Intelligenz hat Pathologien hervorgebracht, die durch die Dominanz weniger mächtiger Akteure und starke Informations- und Machtasymmetrien geprägt sind. Plattformunternehmen agieren als Gatekeeper für digitale...

Understanding the business environment and structural issues that limit growth is critical when designing an effective national policy framework for private sector development—especially for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Give...

Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain sex selection in India: son preference in which parents desire a male heir and daughter aversion in which dowry payments make parents worse off with girls. Our model incorporates both mechanisms, provid...

This study evaluates the impact of incorporating mixed reality—including both augmented and virtual reality—into auto-mechanics training for students enrolled in selected public technical technological institutes in Ecuador. The intervention aims ...

This paper identifies existing labour market challenges associated with ageing in Europe and Central Asia. It presents a general overview and provides ideas to stimulate social dialogue. In 2024, there were 28 persons aged 65 years and above per 1...

Sixth-generation (6G) networks are anticipated to achieve transformative advancements, characterized by extreme connectivity, deep integration with artificial intelligence (AI) and sensing, and airground integration. The evolution of 6G exhibits t...

Weak productivity growth continues to pose a challenge for New Zealand’s long-term economic prospects. Hindered by a remote geography and large agriculture and tourism sectors, slow aggregate productivity growth also reflects costs and incentives...

This study examines how dismantling Mafia-connected firms affects banks’ lending practices. Using a unique dataset of 667 such firms and loan-level data from the European Central Bank, our analysis shows that anti-Mafia operations precede an incre...

This paper quantifies learning losses between 2020 and 2022 in the Dominican Republic, an upper-middle-income country. The paper uses data from a sample of ninth-grade students who benefited from computer adaptive learning software during this per...

We study the impact of cyclical systemic risks on banks’ profitability in the euro area within a panel quantile regression model, with the ultimate goal to inform the calibration of the Countercyclical Capital buffer (CCyB). Compared to previous s...

Energy inflation is a major source of headline inflation volatility and forecast errors, therefore it is critical to model it accurately. This paper introduces a novel suite of Bayesian VAR models for euro area HICP energy inflation, which adopts ...

This paper investigates the responses of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions in South-East Asia to the demands of industry’s digital transformation in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0). TVET i...

Skills development through quality apprenticeships can help young people make a successful transition from school to adulthood with sustainable, satisfying and rewarding employment. But even in Switzerland, which has a very strong standardized app...

We leverage rich data from a prominent online job board in Uruguay to assess directed search patterns in job applications, focusing on posted wages and advertised non-wage amenities. We find robust evidence of directed search based on posted wages...