国际劳工组织（ILO）：2024发达经济体劳动力短缺的近期原因报告（英文版）

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous high-income countries encountered height- ened vacancy rates and labour shortages, which persisted into 2023. This paper examines the dynamics underlying labour market fluctuations in advanced economies, such as cyclical move- ments, structural shifts and pandemic-induced trends. The surge in labour demand following economic reopening varied across sectors, as sustained fiscal support measures bolstered de- mand, contributing to a pronounced upti